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Scotch Cattle
Scotch Cattle was the name taken by bands of coal miners in 19th century South Wales, analogous to the Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania, who, in disguise, would visit the homes of other local miners who were working during a strike or cooperating with employers against the local mining community in other ways and punish them by ransacking their property or attacking them physically.
They were featured in Alexander Cordell's book, set in this era, Rape of the Fair Country against a backdrop of the Newport Rising of 1839, Chartism and militancy in the South Wales Valleys of the mid 19th century. Some members of these bands were probably idealists, but some also were merely looking for a chance to loot property from the groups' targets—or even, in some cases, from bystanders. Such groups may have been active as early as 1808, although their activity cannot be confirmed before 1822; the last confirmable reference to a Scotch Cattle raid dates from 1850. As late as 1926, however, pickets in the that year's great strike dressed themselves as Scotch Cattle.〔Francis, Hywel, "South Wales", ''The General Strike, 1926'', ed. Jeffrey Skelley (London, Lawrence and Wishart: 1976) pp. 232-260. ISBN 0-85315-337-X, p. 251〕
==Name==
The origins of the groups' name have been lost, but several possible interpretations have been offered. Some of the disguises worn by Scotch Cattle were actual cowskins, and this alone may have provided the name. Alternatively, it may have been meant to evoke the fierceness of certain breeds of actual Scottish cattle, such as (Highland cattle ), or may have referred ironically to a herd of Scottish cattle owned by a local mine-owner in the early 19th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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